Decades of scientific research show that plastic pellets pose hazards to the environment
February 18, 2026
Therese My Karlsson, Jennifer L. Lavers, Amy Youngman, Bethanie Carney Almroth, Hideshige Takada, Carmen Morales, Edward J. Carpenter, Andres Arias, Hemantha Withanage, Semia Gharbi, Sinja Rist
Plastic pellets (nurdles) are a major component of marine pollutants, causing physical and chemical harm to wildlife and ecosystems. Ingestion by seabirds and other species is widespread and linked to serious health effects. Additionally, pellets transport hazardous and persistent chemicals across
ocean basins and into the food chain. Despite their known environmental impacts, regulatory controls on pellet transport remain insufficient. This commentary synthesizes current scientific evidence on the hazards posed by plastic pellets and argues for their classification as harmful substances and/or environmentally hazardous substances to the aquatic environment under the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Such classification would enable stronger international measures to minmize pellet pollution at sea.
Recent publications
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Ingested plastic alters physiological variation independent of body mass in seabird fledglings
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Blown away: cyclone threats to tropical island biodiversity in a changing climate
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Plastic ingestion alters stomach anatomy and biomechanics in Sable Shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes)
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Abrupt recent increases in plastic ingestion by Sable Shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes)