Decades of scientific research show that plastic pellets pose hazards to the environment
February 18, 2026
Therese My Karlsson, Jennifer L. Lavers, Amy Youngman, Bethanie Carney Almroth, Hideshige Takada, Carmen Morales, Edward J. Carpenter, Andres Arias, Hemantha Withanage, Semia Gharbi, Sinja Rist
Plastic pellets (nurdles) are a major component of marine pollutants, causing physical and chemical harm to wildlife and ecosystems. Ingestion by seabirds and other species is widespread and linked to serious health effects. Additionally, pellets transport hazardous and persistent chemicals across
ocean basins and into the food chain. Despite their known environmental impacts, regulatory controls on pellet transport remain insufficient. This commentary synthesizes current scientific evidence on the hazards posed by plastic pellets and argues for their classification as harmful substances and/or environmentally hazardous substances to the aquatic environment under the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Such classification would enable stronger international measures to minmize pellet pollution at sea.
Recent publications
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Ingested plastics reduce recruitment and survival of an Australian seabird
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Post-fledging migration of Sable Shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes) identifies the Solomon Sea as a potential conservation priority
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No ingested micro- and macro-plastics detected in three shark species from the Bass Strait, Australia
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Life-stage variation in Sable Shearwater (Ardenna carneipes) physiology assessed using proteomics